The megacity of Jakarta begin as a bitsy harborage on the Ciliwung River nearly 5 century agone. As the centuries went by, the harborage megacity grew into a famed transnational trade center.
Early information on Jakarta has been discovered, through in bitsy pieces, through the numerous gravestone tablets that had been buried deep in and around the harborage. The knowledge on Jakarta up until the coming of European passage is so many. The Portuguese where the first group of European party to have had reached to the ocean harborage of Kalapa.
From the biographies of 16th century European pens, they did make citation of a megacity known as Kalapa. Its supposedly served as the primary harborage of a Hindu area called Sunda, which had its capital at Pajajaran, also positioned roughly 40 kilometers inland. Kalapa located hard where Bogor currently is.
On the other hand, the megacity was latterly seize by a man known as Fatahillah, who come from a area located hard known as Kalapa. Fatahillah also change the name of Sunda Kalapa to Jayakarta on 22 June 1527. It’s this date that's celebrated as Jakarta’s anniversary. The Dutch come by the end of the 16th Century and taken reign over Jayakarta by force.
Batavia Era
Jayakarta was also, renamed as Batavia. Batavia’s muddy region was likened to that of the Netherlands, their motherland. They decided to develop conduits in order to help Batavia against implicit flooding during heavy rains. The megacity’s communal center was located at a field positioned about 500 measures far down from the harborage.
The Dutch constructed a beautiful megacity hall as Batavia’s center of government administration. As time passed, the megacity of Batavia expands towards the south. Accelerated development created about severe environmental problem, which constrained the Dutch administration to move their governance administrations to elevated regions.
Jakarta Era
A literal decree came to be legislated in 1928, aptly name the Youth Pledge, which propose three ideals, videlicet one motherland, one nation, and one language of concinnity Indonesia. During Japanese occupation (1942-1945), Batavia was also renamed to Jakarta. On 17 August 1945, Ir. Soekarno placarded Indonesia’s independence and Indonesian flag was hoisted for the veritably first time. Also, Indonesia’s sovereignty was officially conceded by the world in 1949. In same time, Indonesia also came a member of the United Nations (UN).
Meanwhile, in 1966, Jakarta was given its sanctioned title as Special Capital of the Republic of Indonesia. It enhanced the fast rate of structure growth towards government office structures. Also it delegacies of several countries.
Rapid structure development also created the need for a master plan in order to regulate Jakarta’s profitable growth. Since 1966, Jakarta has steadfastly grown into a ultramodern megalopolis. Cultural different wealth along with dynamic profitable growth had main benefactions towards Jakarta’s metamorphosis into a known megalopolis in the 21st century.
History
The name Jakarta has been used since the Japanese occupation in 1942, it's used to relate to the home of the former Batavia government that was officiated during the Dutch East Indies reigned in 1905.
The name is considered as an condensation of the word Jayakarta. Its given by the Demak and Cirebon under the leadership of Fatahillah after the attack and enwrapping attempt at the harborage of Sunda Kelapa on June 22, 1527.
The name also has a well- known meaning as “ megacity of champion” or “ megacity of the blessing”. Although, the real meaning is “ the champion by an act or trouble”. Jakarta was first known as a harborage of Sunda area called Sunda Kalapa, located at the Ciliwung River.
The capital of the Kingdom of Sunda known as Dayeuh Pakuan Padjadjaran or Pajajaran ( now Bogor) can be reached from the seaport of Sunda Kalapa during a three- day trip. According to Portuguese sources, Sunda Kalapa is formerly belonging to Sunda Kingdom in addition to the harborage of Banten, Helter, Cigede, Tamgara and Cimanuk. Sunda Kalapa that in this regard called Kalapa is considered to harbor the most important aspect of a seaport simply because people can arrived from the capital of the area within three days.
In the 12th century, the harborage were known as the bustling harborage of pepper. Foreign vessels coming from China, Japan, India South, and Middle East formerly docked at this harborage carrying goods. Similar as silk, nags, linen, demitasse. As well as wine, scents, coffee, and bepaint in exchange for spices from Maluku which came a trade commodity at the time.
1. Netherlands Era (1619-1942)
The Netherlands came to Jayakarta around the end of the 16th century, after a layover in Banten in 1596. Jayakarta at the morning of the 17th century was govern by The Prince of Jayakarta, that was one of the cousins of the Sultanate of Banten. Also in 1619, the VOC forces that was led by Jan Pieterszoon Coen enthralled Jayakarta after beating the forces of the Sultanate of Banten and also changed its name to Batavia. During the Dutch colonization, Batavia developed into a large and important megacity.
For the development of the megacity, the Netherlands had been importing numerous slaves as workers. Utmost of them came from Bali, Sulawesi, Maluku, China, and the Malabar seacoast of India. Some scholars argue that they suppose these people are the bones who formed a community known as the Betawi ethnical group. At that time, the Batavia area only includes the area presently known as the Old City in North Jakarta.
Before the appearance of the slaves community, there are formerly the Sundanese people who live in areas. Sundanese people live in public called Jayakarta Jatinegara community. While the lines that come from the other ethnical emigrants, in the days of the Dutch colonialism, also form their own regions in separate communities. Also, it led to the creation of distinct community in Jakarta towards the areas of the former communities like Chinatown, Pekojan, Kampung Melayu, Kampung Bandan, Kampung Ambon, Kampung Bali, and Manggarai.
Development
On 9 October 1740, There were screams that erupted in Batavia with the genocide of ethnical Chinese totaling people of Chinese. With the circumstance of these chaotic event unfolding, numerous ethnical Chinese to escape from the megacity and take their struggle against the Dutch colonialism. With the completion of the development of Koningsplein (Gambir train Station) in 1818.
Also Batavia expanded itself to the south. Also On April 1, 1905 Capital of Batavia formed two external. There are Gemeente Batavia and Meester Cornelis. In 1920, the Dutch erected Menteng theater megacity, and this region turn into a new place for high- ranking Dutch officers replacing their former Molenvliet in the north. Last, in 1935, Batavia and Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) integrated themselves into a region of Jakarta Raya.
On January 1, 1926 the Dutch government legislated a law to intended to reform the system of decentralization to wider region. In Java, was formed the independent administration of the fiefdom. The Province of West Java was the first fiefdom that was formed in Java which was stated by the decree dated January 1, 1926. Also, Batavia came one regionresidency., likewise, to Banten West Java, Buitenzorg (Bogor), Priangan, and Cirebon.
2. Japanese occupation (1942-1945)
Indonesia was enthralled by Japan started in 1942 and Japanese forces changed the name of Batavia to came Djakarta. Its purpose to attract the hearts of the population during World War II.
During Japanese occupation the megacity conditions went from bad to worse as Japanese forces scavenge every part of the megacity to find essence that are demanded for the war sweats therefore in turn numerous structure was destroyed in the reused. This in turn aggravated the people’s frugality in Jakarta as every precious effects must be given to Japan to help them win the war.
To enhance Japanese grips on Indonesia, the Japanese government decided to legalize an actno. 42, 1942. Its to restore the indigenous administration government that divides several corridor of Jakarta quarter into lower area and each area was lead by a regent.
Also latterly, the megacity of Jakarta is also the venue for the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August, 1945 and was latterly got enthralled by the Dutch after the downfall of Japanese forces and until the recognition of the sovereignty of Indonesia in 1949.
3. Jakarta after Independence
Prior to 1959, Djakarta is still part of West Java Province. Also in 1959, the City of Djakarta status got changed from a megacity under the reign of a megacity mayor beforehand to an elevated area of position 1 that were led by the governor. This first governor was Soemarno Sosroatmodjo, who's also an army croaker. The induction of Governor of DKI at the time was conducted directly by also President Sukarno. In 1961, Djakarta status got changed from the Regional Level One to came Special Capital Region (DKI) and the governor still headed by Soemarno.
Since Djakarta was declared as the state capital, also Jakarta’s population increased veritably fleetly due to the force demand of government that nearly entirely centered in Jakarta. Within 5 times the population of jakarta increased further than two times. Colorful community of new middle class neighborhood got evolved, like Kebayoran Baru, Cempaka Putih, Pulo Mas, Tebet, and pejompongan. Several agreement community are also being erected singly by colorful ministries and state institutions similar as Perumnas ( public casing board).
In the reign of Soekarno, Jakarta accepted Huge construction systems, similar as the development of Gelora Bung Karno, the grand Istiqlal Mosque, and the structure of National Monument. In this period the road of Merdeka-Thamrin-Sudirman was developed as a business center of the megacity capital replacing the road of Merdeka-Senen-Jatinegara-Salemba. The first large community center that was created by the private inventor is aptly named Pondok Indah (by PT Pembangunan Jaya) in the late 1970s in South Jakarta quarter.
Population Growth
The rapid-fire rate of the population growth in Jakarta back also is forcing also governor Ali Sadikin. Its for suppress it in the early 1970 by declaring that Jakarta is a “ unrestricted megacity” for emigrants. This policy can't efficiently be executed and was abandoned during the coming governor’s leadership. Until now, Jakarta is still scuffling with the problems that was caused by overcrowding, similar as flooding, business traffic, and lack of acceptable public transportation system.
In May 1998, there were huge screams in Jakarta that claim numerous ethnical Chinese as victims. During this chaotic scene also the legislative and administrative structure of indonesia (MPR/ DPR) was enthralled by council scholars who want reformations. This hoot is the detector in the downfall of President Suharto from the Indonesian administration.
4. Jakarta in New Orde
Jakarta Special Capital Region (DKI Jakarta), is the megacity capital of the Republic of Indonesia. Also, Jakarta is the only megacity in Indonesia which has the original status of the fiefdom. Jakarta is located on the northwest seacoast of the islet of Java. It was formerly known as
- Sunda Kelapa (before 1527)
- White Rose (1527-1619)
- Batavia/ Batauia, or Jaccatra (1619-1942)
- Jakarta Tokubetsu Shi (1942-1945)
- Djakarta (1945-1972).
Internationally Jakarta also has aliases like J- City or the more popular The Big Durian because it's considered similar to metropolises like New York City (Big Apple) in Indonesia.
As a central mecca of business office, politicals centers, and culture icon, Jakarta is a base to the numerous headquarter office of state- possessed pot, private companies and foreign dignitaries. It's also housed the central structure of the government institutions and the office of the secretariat of ASEAN. Jakarta is served by two airfields, videlicet Soekarno-Hatta and Halim Perdanakusuma field, as well as three ocean anchorages in Tanjung Priok, Sunda Kelapa, and Ancol.
5. Jakarta in Reformation Era
As one of the world metropolitan megacity, Jakarta has vital supporting structure similar as roads, electricity, telecommunications, water, gas, fiber optics, airfields, and anchorages. Presently the rate of road in Jakarta reaches6.2 of the total area range.
In addition to the protocol road, the profitable road and the terrain road, Jakarta is also supported by a network of Inner Ring Road, Highway jagorawi, External Ring Road, and Jakarta-Serpong Toll Road. The government also plans to make the alternate phase of External Ring Road that surrounds the megacity of Jakarta Soekarno Hatta Airport, Tangerang-Serpong-Cinere-Cimanggis-Cibitung-Tanjung Priok.
For all the other metropolises in Java, Jakarta is connected with the Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road that connected with Highway Cipularang to Bandung and cikampek-palimanan risk road to Cirebon. There are also available the train service that depart from the six stations of departure in Jakarta. To go to the islet of Sumatra one can use the handed roads of Risk Road Jakarta-Merak followed by the crossing harborage from Merak to Bakauheni.
For the outside of the islet and abroad, Jakarta has a ocean harborage in Tanjung Priok and airfields, videlicet.
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten, which serves transnational and domestic breakouts.
Halim Perdanakusuma Airport which has numerous functions to serve sanctioned and domestic breakouts.
For the procurement of clean water, at this time Jakarta is served by two companies, videlicet PT. Aetra Air Jakarta for the area east of Ciliwung River, and PT. PAM Lyonnaise Jaya (Palyja) for the area west of Ciliwung River. In 2015, the two companies are suitable to supply clean water to 60 of the population of Jakarta.
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